The history of standard seawater

نویسندگان

  • J. Smed
  • Martin Knudsen
  • Helge Thomsen
چکیده

A standard seawater, to be used in ali salinity determinations, was first recommended to oceanographers by Martin Knudsen in 1 XY9. The history of how the standard was developed over the past 70 years orso, in such a way that continuity was maintained in ali chlorinity and salinity determinations, is described in this paper. Discussion of the Primary Standard and of the history of the Standard Seawater Service are also included.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Effect of Seawater on Micro-Nano Air Bubbles Concrete for Repair of Coastal Structures

This paper investigated the effects of seawater curing of concrete made by Micro-Nano Air Bubbles (MNAB) on compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of the concrete. This product will be applicable for rehabilitation or repair of coastal RC structures. In this research, the effect of different combinations of concrete ingredients including 0-100, 25-75, 50-50, 75-25, and 100-0 percent ...

متن کامل

Determination of Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Caspian Seawater by HPLC Following Preconcentration with Solid-Phase Extraction

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for sample clean-up and preconcentration followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with uv detection is reported for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the caspian seawater. A good resolution was obtained using acetonitrile:water (40:60) as mobile-phase for separation of these compounds. The eff...

متن کامل

Spectrophotometric Determination of Formaldehyde in Seawater Samples after In-situ Derivatization and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

In this paper, a simple dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction and pre-concentration of formaldehyde in seawater samples followed with spectrophotometric is proposed. Formaldehyde was derivatized in situ with acetyl acetone in the presence of ammonium acetate in a single step. Then it was collected into a mixture of ethanol (disperser solvent) and chloroform (extracting...

متن کامل

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Caspian Seawater and the Role of Physicochemical Factors on Microbial Load

Introduction: Analyzing the health risk associated with the microbial contamination of seawater is necessary to ensure that there is not any threat to human or environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of Caspian sea water using indicator bacteria. Some Physicochemical parameters were studied to assed their association with the contamination level of Caspian...

متن کامل

Evaluating the Production Yield of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Enterobacter cloacae subsp. Dissolvens in Seawater

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different parameters on exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens using seawater as a basal medium. For this purpose, the effect of carbon (sucrose, molasses, paraffin and sunflower oil) and nitrogen sources, NaCl concentration, incubation time, pH as well as seawater dilution or enrichment with disti...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2012